The story of R-Type I takes place in a futuristic world where an evil alien force has invaded Earth, threatening humanity's existence. The player assumes the role of one of three characters: Will, Richard, or Dot, each with their unique abilities and strengths.
The gameplay revolves around navigating through increasingly difficult levels while avoiding enemy fire and bosses. Players must use their character's special moves to destroy enemies and defeat bosses, all while trying to progress through the stages without losing too much health.