Almost all of humanity was wiped out by a devastating war, leaving Earth's surface as a nuclear wasteland. The few survivors in Moscow retreated to the city's subway tunnels, where human society continued to develop in predictable ways. Factions were formed, and stations and lines were occupied by ideologically opposed groups, leading to ongoing conflict.
Artyom was born before the apocalypse but grew up in the underground, living with his stepfather at the Exhibition station. However, everything changes when a soldier named Hunter arrives, warning of mysterious creatures known as the Dark Ones. Artyom decides to travel through the tunnels to reach the central Polis station for help.
Metro 2033 is a first-person shooter with survival horror elements, based on the Russian book by Dmitry Glukhovsky. The game takes place mostly underground, but Artyom will venture outside into the perpetual nuclear winter. Game progression is fairly linear, although areas can be explored more thoroughly for items and ammunition.
The enemies in the game include mutants and hostile humans; Artyom can use various weapons to deal with them, such as an AK-47, sniper rifle, and automatic shotgun. The player can carry a sidearm and two primary weapons at once, along with dynamite sticks and knives. Upgrades can be purchased for existing weapons, but must be obtained individually.
When traveling on the surface or through poisoned areas, Artyom needs to equip his gas mask to survive. The filter wears down over time and can be damaged in melee fights. Other tools available to Artyom include night vision goggles, a flashlight, a lighter, and a journal with a compass.
The game also features environmental hazards such as anomalies and strange visions, which play a role in the plot and serve as moral judgments of Artyom's behavior. These choices can lead to one of two available endings.