The year is 2142. The player takes control of Conrad B. Hart, a man who has lost his memory. After barely escaping from hostile aliens, Conrad's bike crashes on an unknown planet. Conrad finds himself in the jungle, and from that moment on, his quest for survival and his lost identity begins.
Flashback: The Quest for Identity is a game that combines elements of platforming, shooting, and problem-solving. It can be described as a "cinematic platformer", following a design philosophy similar to Prince of Persia. The gameplay focuses more on platforming and exploration of large levels compared to Another World.
The bulk of the gameplay is dedicated to running, jumping, and shooting enemies. However, there is also an exploration element in the game, as well as some puzzle-solving. The player navigates Conrad through platform structures, performing various moves such as simple jumps or longer run-and-jumps. It is possible to climb, hang off ledges, and pick up objects lying on the ground.
To defend himself, Conrad can shoot enemies with his gun and use objects like stones to harm or distract them. Crouching and rolling are essential moves that can be executed during combat. The gun has unlimited ammunition, but shields that Conrad uses to protect himself from attacks are depleted when hit and can be recharged at special stations.
Most of the versions feature cutscenes with polygonal vector graphics. The CD versions replace those with pre-rendered 3D animations. The Sega CD version also features voice-overs.