The gameplay revolves around a two-colors system, where the player has to switch between the black and white sides of his ship during gameplay. The black side is immune to black enemy bullets, which is considered as a bonus, and dies on impact with white enemy bullets. The player's own black bullets damage white enemies twice as much as white bullets, while vice-versa applies for the white side. This balance between protecting yourself well and killing enemies fast makes Ikaruga an original shoot-em-up with a dose of strategy.
The game also features specific enemy patterns and a combo system that adds to its unique gameplay mechanics. With this combination, players must adapt their tactics to overcome challenges and achieve high scores.