Metro 2033 is set in a post-apocalyptic world where most of humanity was wiped out due to a devastating war, leaving Earth's surface as a nuclear wasteland. The few survivors retreated to the city's subway tunnels, forming factions and occupying different stations and lines. War continued on a smaller scale, making life nearly impossible for those living underground, with fears of terrifying creatures lurking in the dark tunnels. Artyom was born before the apocalypse but grew up in the safety of the Exhibition station, where he lived with his stepfather. However, when a soldier named Hunter arrives, warning of a group of mysterious creatures known as the Dark Ones, Artyom decides to travel to the central Polis station to get help.
Metro 2033 is a first-person shooter with survival horror elements, based on the Russian book by Dmitry Glukhovsky. Most of the game takes place underground, but Artyom will occasionally venture outside into the perpetual nuclear winter. The gameplay follows a fairly linear progression, although areas can be explored more thoroughly for items and ammunition. Enemies in the game include mutants and hostile humans, which can be defeated using various weapons such as the AK-47, sniper rifle, and automatic shotgun. Artyom can carry two primary weapons and a sidearm at any given time, along with dynamite sticks and knives. Upgrades for these weapons can be purchased at shops in the stations using powerful military-grade ammunition.
When traveling on the surface or through poisoned areas, Artyom must equip his gas mask to survive. The filter of the gas mask wears down over time, requiring frequent use and maintenance. Other tools available to Artyom include night vision goggles, a flashlight, and a lighter.
The game also features moral judgment elements, where Artyom's choices and actions are evaluated through visions and other means, affecting the game's outcome.